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Prostate Cancer
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is an abnormal growth in the prostate gland—a small, walnut-sized gland found below the bladder in men. The gland is an essential part of the male reproductive system by secreting seminal fluid to nourish and carry sperm.
Prostate Cancer Types
Acinar Adenocarcinoma
•The most frequent type, arising from gland cells. Generally slow-growing and can be detected incidentally by routine screening or prostate biopsies.
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
•A less common, more aggressive type that occurs in the prostate ducts. Usually with urinary symptoms and necessitates more aggressive treatment.
Small Cell Carcinoma
•A rare and very aggressive form. Grows rapidly and may not increase PSA levels, so early detection is difficult. Treated mainly with chemotherapy.
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
- •Trouble starting or stopping urination, weak or interrupted urine flow.
What’s Notable
Prostate cancer is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men globally.
It is the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide.
Developed nations like the United States, Canada, and Australia have high incidence rates primarily because of higher awareness and extensive screening.
When to Seek Help
See a doctor if you have any of the symptoms above, or if you have risk factors like family history or are over age 50 with urinary changes. Immediate medical attention is needed for severe symptoms such as inability to urinate, fever with urinary pain, or signs of spinal cord compression like leg weakness or loss of bladder control.
Prostate Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Age
The risk increases sharply after age 50; the majority of cases occur in men aged 65 and older.
Family History
Having a close relative (father, brother) with prostate cancer doubles the risk.
Genetics
Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 genes increase susceptibility.
Diet and Lifestyle
Obesity, high-fat diet, and low physical activity are linked to higher risk, though evidence varies.
Hormonal Factors
Testosterone may influence cancer cell growth, though this relationship is complex.
Occupational Exposure
Long-term exposure to chemicals, such as in firefighting or metalworking, might increase risk.
Ethnicity
African-American men have higher risk in Western countries; this pattern is less evident in the Indian population.
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Symptoms: Changes in urine, hematuria, pelvic discomfort. The doctor conducts rectal exam and symptom check
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Kills rapidly dividing cancer cells in the body.
Common drugs:
Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel
Side effects:
Hair loss, fatigue, low blood counts
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Attacks cancer-causing mutations
Common drugs:
PARP inhibitors (e.g., Olaparib)
Side effects:
Anaemia, nausea, fatigue
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Assists immune system in identifying and targeting cancer.
Common drugs:
Sipuleucel-T
Side effects:
Chills, fever, fatigue
Hormone Therapy (Androgen Deprivation Therapy)
What it does:
Blocks testosterone that energizes cancer growth
Common drugs:
Leuprolide, Degarelix
Side effects:
Hot flashes, low libido, bone thinning
Management & Prevention
Follow Medical Advice
•Adhere strictly to your treatment plan, attend follow-up appointments, and monitor symptoms.
Exercise
•Engage in gentle physical activity like walking or pelvic floor exercises to improve strength and urinary control.
Nutrition
•Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins to support overall health and recovery.
Symptom Management
•Work with your healthcare team to control side effects such as fatigue, urinary issues, or sexual dysfunction.
Prostate Cancer Types
Acinar Adenocarcinoma
•The most frequent type, arising from gland cells. Generally slow-growing and can be detected incidentally by routine screening or prostate biopsies.
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
•A less common, more aggressive type that occurs in the prostate ducts. Usually with urinary symptoms and necessitates more aggressive treatment.
Small Cell Carcinoma
•A rare and very aggressive form. Grows rapidly and may not increase PSA levels, so early detection is difficult. Treated mainly with chemotherapy.
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
- •Trouble starting or stopping urination, weak or interrupted urine flow.
What’s Notable
Prostate cancer is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men globally.
It is the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide.
Developed nations like the United States, Canada, and Australia have high incidence rates primarily because of higher awareness and extensive screening.
When to Seek Help
See a doctor if you have any of the symptoms above, or if you have risk factors like family history or are over age 50 with urinary changes. Immediate medical attention is needed for severe symptoms such as inability to urinate, fever with urinary pain, or signs of spinal cord compression like leg weakness or loss of bladder control.
Prostate Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Age
The risk increases sharply after age 50; the majority of cases occur in men aged 65 and older.
Family History
Having a close relative (father, brother) with prostate cancer doubles the risk.
Genetics
Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 genes increase susceptibility.
Diet and Lifestyle
Obesity, high-fat diet, and low physical activity are linked to higher risk, though evidence varies.
Hormonal Factors
Testosterone may influence cancer cell growth, though this relationship is complex.
Occupational Exposure
Long-term exposure to chemicals, such as in firefighting or metalworking, might increase risk.
Ethnicity
African-American men have higher risk in Western countries; this pattern is less evident in the Indian population.
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Symptoms: Changes in urine, hematuria, pelvic discomfort. The doctor conducts rectal exam and symptom check
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Kills rapidly dividing cancer cells in the body.
Common drugs:
Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel
Side effects:
Hair loss, fatigue, low blood counts
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Attacks cancer-causing mutations
Common drugs:
PARP inhibitors (e.g., Olaparib)
Side effects:
Anaemia, nausea, fatigue
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Assists immune system in identifying and targeting cancer.
Common drugs:
Sipuleucel-T
Side effects:
Chills, fever, fatigue
Hormone Therapy (Androgen Deprivation Therapy)
What it does:
Blocks testosterone that energizes cancer growth
Common drugs:
Leuprolide, Degarelix
Side effects:
Hot flashes, low libido, bone thinning
Management & Prevention
Follow Medical Advice
•Adhere strictly to your treatment plan, attend follow-up appointments, and monitor symptoms.
Exercise
•Engage in gentle physical activity like walking or pelvic floor exercises to improve strength and urinary control.
Nutrition
•Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins to support overall health and recovery.
Symptom Management
•Work with your healthcare team to control side effects such as fatigue, urinary issues, or sexual dysfunction.
Why Choose Everhope For Prostate Cancer?
At Everhope Oncology, we see prostate cancer as more than a diagnosis; it’s a unique journey. With expert care, empathy, and the latest treatments, we stand with you at every step, guiding you toward strength, hope, and healing.
41K
New cases of were diagnosed in India
19K
Deaths were due to prostate cancer
2nd
Most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide
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FAQs on Prostate Cancer
No question is too small when it comes to your care
Early-stage prostate cancer often has no symptoms. Later signs can include difficulty urinating, frequent urination, blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, pelvic pain, and fatigue.
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