Liver Cancer
What is Liver Cancer?
Liver cancer occurs when liver cells are not normal and develop into a tumor since they do not grow in a regular manner and become cancerous. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent form of liver cancer, developing in the very large liver cells. It is caused by infection with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and alcoholism.
Liver Cancer Types
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
•Most frequent liver cancer, HCC begins in hepatocytes, the major liver cells. It's most often related to chronic liver disease like hepatitis B or C and cirrhosis. Early detection guarantees effective treatment.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
•This cancer develops in the bile ducts inside the liver. While less frequent, it's typically aggressive and commonly diagnosed late. Certain liver diseases and bile duct disease are risk factors.
Hepatoblastoma
•A type of liver cancer that occurs only in children below the age of three years. It begins in cells that are still immature in the liver and can be easily treated if early discovered and subjected to surgery and chemotherapy.
Angiosarcoma
•A very sinister and rare type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels of the liver. Most times related to exposure to some chemicals, it's always late when it is diagnosed and thus treatment is hard.
Liver Cancer Symptoms
- •
Unexplained weight loss is one of the presenting symptoms of liver cancer, usually with loss of appetite and fatigue.
- •
Pain or bleeding in the upper right abdomen that could indicate liver enlargement or tumor growth.
- •
Yellow eyes and skin due to failure of the liver to adequately break down bilirubin as a sign of possible liver malfunction.
- •
Fluid accumulation within the stomach region, ascites, can contribute to swelling and discomfort.
- •
Systemic vomiting or nausea without cause may be related to liver disease affecting digestion
What’s Notable
Silent Progression: Liver cancer seldom becomes symptomatic until advanced stages, hence screening and early diagnosis are essential.
Global Burden: Liver cancer is the third leading cancer mortality globally, claiming over 800,000 lives yearly.
HCC Incidence: Nearly 75% of all liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).
When to Seek Help
- Chronic Fatigue :Long-standing fatigue that is not alleviated by rest may be an indication of liver malfunction and should be evaluated by a physician. - Loss of Appetite : Unexplained loss of appetite, especially if accompanied by other signs and symptoms, should cause a patient to visit a physician. - Dark Urine : Dark urine is one of the symptoms of liver disease affecting the breakdown of bile. - Itchy Skin: Itching that recurs without a rash may be caused by bile salt buildup as a result of liver disease. - Easy Bleeding or Bruising : Easy bruising or bleeding is caused by the inability of the liver to help with clotting.
Liver Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection
Sustained infection of the liver by Hepatitis B or C virus greatly increases the risk of liver cancer due to ongoing liver inflammation
Cirrhosis
Alcohol or fatty liver disease scarring of the liver increases the cancer risk
Excessive Drinking
Years of excessive drinking kills off liver cells and leads to cirrhosis and increases the risk of skin cancer
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Irrelevant fat storage in the liver is capable of causing cirrhosis and risk of cancer.
Aflatoxin Exposure
Ingestion of food that is contaminated with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by some molds, is a proven risk factor for liver cancer.
Liver Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Comprehensive Diagnosis Various imaging tests, blood tests such as AFP, and liver function tests are performed to establish the type, extent of the cancer and any underlying condition of the liver
Diagnostic Tests
Step 2: Individualized Treatment Planning A team of liver experts–oncologists, surgeons, and hepatologists–work together to devise a treatment plan that's specific to your medical as well as personal needs.
Biopsy & Pathology
Step 3: Technology-Driven Care
Advanced modalities like targeted treatments, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, or liver transplant are in reserve based on what will best suit your case.
Staging & Imaging
Step 4: Monitoring for Infection and Liver Function
Since liver cancer is likely to be caused by hepatitis or cirrhosis, we take preventive measures against infections, keep the liver in good function, and eliminate complications from treatment.
Risk Stratification
Step 5: Ongoing Support and Navigation
A care coordinator assists you with appointments, treatment schedules, and paperwork, making your experience easy and stress-free.
Step 1: Comprehensive Diagnosis Various imaging tests, blood tests such as AFP, and liver function tests are performed to establish the type, extent of the cancer and any underlying condition of the liver
Step 2
Diagnostic Tests
Step 3
Biopsy & Pathology
Step 4
Staging & Imaging
Step 5
Risk Stratification
Liver Cancer Treatment & Therapy
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Destroys fast-growing liver cancer cells using powerful drugs.
Treated for:
Not typically used; used only for widespread HCC or if other options don't work.
Recovery:
May induce nausea, low white and red blood cell count, and fatigue; closely monitored for liver function.
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Blocks some of the molecules that support growth of the cancer cells and blood supply.
Treated for:
Advanced or unresectable HCC.
Common medications:
Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Regorafenib, Cabozantinib
Recovery:
Oral treatment; side effects are diarrhea, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Triggers the body's immune system to identify and kill liver cancer cells.
Used for:
Advanced or unresectable liver cancer.
Drugs used:
Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab, Nivolumab, Durvalumab
Recovery:
Can cause immune-related side effects; managed with immunosuppressants as necessary
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
What it does:
Destroys cancer cells with heat by inserting needle into the tumor.
Treated for:
Small localized tumors.
Recovery:
Minimal invasiveness; outpatient; rapid recovery
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
What it does:
Kills chemo right into the liver tumor and cuts off its blood supply.
Treated for:
Mid-stage HCC
Recovery:
Post-embolization syndrome (pain and fever); hospital stay may be required
Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE/SIRT)
What it does :
Inserts small radioactive pellets into liver artery to destroy tumor cells.
Used for:
Inoperable or advanced cancer.
Recovery:
Outpatient or short hospitalization; minimal pain or fatigue to be expected.
Liver Resection (Hepatectomy)
What it does:
Removes the portion of the liver where the cancer is.
Treated for:
Early-stage localized liver cancer with normal liver function.
Recovery:
Major surgery; requires adequate liver reserve; recovery takes a few weeks.
Liver Transplant
What it does:
Exchanges the sick liver with a new healthy liver
Treated for:
Early HCC meeting Milan Criteria or certain bile duct malignancies.
Recovery:
Long recovery with immunosuppression to avoid rejection; potential for cure
Combination Therapy
Purpose:
Strengthens effectiveness by combining immune and targeted drugs.
What it is:
e.g., Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab or Nivolumab + Ipilimumab.
Used for:
Advanced or recurrent liver cancer.
Recovery:
Must be monitored regularly; side effects vary with drug combination.
Palliative Care
Goal:
Suppresses symptoms, relieves pain, and enhances quality of life.
Used for:
Incurable or end-stage liver cancer.
Recovery:
Palliative therapy with patient comfort being the highest priority.
Management & Prevention
Liver Function Monitoring
•Regular blood tests and imaging to assess liver health and spot any early signs of recurrence.
Nutritional Support
•Customized diets created by a liver-specialist dietitian to support healing and manage any digestion problems after treatment.
Rehabilitation Support
•Guided gentle exercise and physiotherapy programs to rebuild strength, energy, and improve liver function after surgery or therapy.
•Regular Checkups
•Scheduled follow-ups with scans and liver tests every few months to track recovery and catch complications early.
Mental Health Counseling
•Support groups and counseling to help manage anxiety, mood changes, and emotional stress during and after treatment.
Hydration Schedule
•Consistent fluid intake supports liver function and helps clear toxins during recovery.
Dietary Adjustments
•Prioritize small, frequent meals rich in lean protein and fiber, while limiting fatty or processed foods to promote liver healing
Liver Cancer Types
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
•Most frequent liver cancer, HCC begins in hepatocytes, the major liver cells. It's most often related to chronic liver disease like hepatitis B or C and cirrhosis. Early detection guarantees effective treatment.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
•This cancer develops in the bile ducts inside the liver. While less frequent, it's typically aggressive and commonly diagnosed late. Certain liver diseases and bile duct disease are risk factors.
Hepatoblastoma
•A type of liver cancer that occurs only in children below the age of three years. It begins in cells that are still immature in the liver and can be easily treated if early discovered and subjected to surgery and chemotherapy.
Angiosarcoma
•A very sinister and rare type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels of the liver. Most times related to exposure to some chemicals, it's always late when it is diagnosed and thus treatment is hard.
Liver Cancer Symptoms
- •
Unexplained weight loss is one of the presenting symptoms of liver cancer, usually with loss of appetite and fatigue.
- •
Pain or bleeding in the upper right abdomen that could indicate liver enlargement or tumor growth.
- •
Yellow eyes and skin due to failure of the liver to adequately break down bilirubin as a sign of possible liver malfunction.
- •
Fluid accumulation within the stomach region, ascites, can contribute to swelling and discomfort.
- •
Systemic vomiting or nausea without cause may be related to liver disease affecting digestion
What’s Notable
Silent Progression: Liver cancer seldom becomes symptomatic until advanced stages, hence screening and early diagnosis are essential.
Global Burden: Liver cancer is the third leading cancer mortality globally, claiming over 800,000 lives yearly.
HCC Incidence: Nearly 75% of all liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).
When to Seek Help
- Chronic Fatigue :Long-standing fatigue that is not alleviated by rest may be an indication of liver malfunction and should be evaluated by a physician. - Loss of Appetite : Unexplained loss of appetite, especially if accompanied by other signs and symptoms, should cause a patient to visit a physician. - Dark Urine : Dark urine is one of the symptoms of liver disease affecting the breakdown of bile. - Itchy Skin: Itching that recurs without a rash may be caused by bile salt buildup as a result of liver disease. - Easy Bleeding or Bruising : Easy bruising or bleeding is caused by the inability of the liver to help with clotting.
Liver Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection
Sustained infection of the liver by Hepatitis B or C virus greatly increases the risk of liver cancer due to ongoing liver inflammation
Cirrhosis
Alcohol or fatty liver disease scarring of the liver increases the cancer risk
Excessive Drinking
Years of excessive drinking kills off liver cells and leads to cirrhosis and increases the risk of skin cancer
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Irrelevant fat storage in the liver is capable of causing cirrhosis and risk of cancer.
Aflatoxin Exposure
Ingestion of food that is contaminated with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by some molds, is a proven risk factor for liver cancer.
Liver Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Comprehensive Diagnosis Various imaging tests, blood tests such as AFP, and liver function tests are performed to establish the type, extent of the cancer and any underlying condition of the liver
Diagnostic Tests
Step 2: Individualized Treatment Planning A team of liver experts–oncologists, surgeons, and hepatologists–work together to devise a treatment plan that's specific to your medical as well as personal needs.
Biopsy & Pathology
Step 3: Technology-Driven Care
Advanced modalities like targeted treatments, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, or liver transplant are in reserve based on what will best suit your case.
Staging & Imaging
Step 4: Monitoring for Infection and Liver Function
Since liver cancer is likely to be caused by hepatitis or cirrhosis, we take preventive measures against infections, keep the liver in good function, and eliminate complications from treatment.
Risk Stratification
Step 5: Ongoing Support and Navigation
A care coordinator assists you with appointments, treatment schedules, and paperwork, making your experience easy and stress-free.
Step 1: Comprehensive Diagnosis Various imaging tests, blood tests such as AFP, and liver function tests are performed to establish the type, extent of the cancer and any underlying condition of the liver
Step 2
Diagnostic Tests
Step 3
Biopsy & Pathology
Step 4
Staging & Imaging
Step 5
Risk Stratification
Liver Cancer Treatment & Therapy
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Destroys fast-growing liver cancer cells using powerful drugs.
Treated for:
Not typically used; used only for widespread HCC or if other options don't work.
Recovery:
May induce nausea, low white and red blood cell count, and fatigue; closely monitored for liver function.
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Blocks some of the molecules that support growth of the cancer cells and blood supply.
Treated for:
Advanced or unresectable HCC.
Common medications:
Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Regorafenib, Cabozantinib
Recovery:
Oral treatment; side effects are diarrhea, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Triggers the body's immune system to identify and kill liver cancer cells.
Used for:
Advanced or unresectable liver cancer.
Drugs used:
Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab, Nivolumab, Durvalumab
Recovery:
Can cause immune-related side effects; managed with immunosuppressants as necessary
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
What it does:
Destroys cancer cells with heat by inserting needle into the tumor.
Treated for:
Small localized tumors.
Recovery:
Minimal invasiveness; outpatient; rapid recovery
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
What it does:
Kills chemo right into the liver tumor and cuts off its blood supply.
Treated for:
Mid-stage HCC
Recovery:
Post-embolization syndrome (pain and fever); hospital stay may be required
Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE/SIRT)
What it does :
Inserts small radioactive pellets into liver artery to destroy tumor cells.
Used for:
Inoperable or advanced cancer.
Recovery:
Outpatient or short hospitalization; minimal pain or fatigue to be expected.
Liver Resection (Hepatectomy)
What it does:
Removes the portion of the liver where the cancer is.
Treated for:
Early-stage localized liver cancer with normal liver function.
Recovery:
Major surgery; requires adequate liver reserve; recovery takes a few weeks.
Liver Transplant
What it does:
Exchanges the sick liver with a new healthy liver
Treated for:
Early HCC meeting Milan Criteria or certain bile duct malignancies.
Recovery:
Long recovery with immunosuppression to avoid rejection; potential for cure
Combination Therapy
Purpose:
Strengthens effectiveness by combining immune and targeted drugs.
What it is:
e.g., Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab or Nivolumab + Ipilimumab.
Used for:
Advanced or recurrent liver cancer.
Recovery:
Must be monitored regularly; side effects vary with drug combination.
Palliative Care
Goal:
Suppresses symptoms, relieves pain, and enhances quality of life.
Used for:
Incurable or end-stage liver cancer.
Recovery:
Palliative therapy with patient comfort being the highest priority.
Management & Prevention
Liver Function Monitoring
•Regular blood tests and imaging to assess liver health and spot any early signs of recurrence.
Nutritional Support
•Customized diets created by a liver-specialist dietitian to support healing and manage any digestion problems after treatment.
Rehabilitation Support
•Guided gentle exercise and physiotherapy programs to rebuild strength, energy, and improve liver function after surgery or therapy.
•Regular Checkups
•Scheduled follow-ups with scans and liver tests every few months to track recovery and catch complications early.
Mental Health Counseling
•Support groups and counseling to help manage anxiety, mood changes, and emotional stress during and after treatment.
Hydration Schedule
•Consistent fluid intake supports liver function and helps clear toxins during recovery.
Dietary Adjustments
•Prioritize small, frequent meals rich in lean protein and fiber, while limiting fatty or processed foods to promote liver healing
Why Choose Everhope Liver Cancer?
At Everhope, our experts support your proactive care with advanced treatment — guiding you with knowledge, hope, and healing.
most common cancer in India
new cases globally every year
new cases in India every year
FAQs on Liver Cancer
No question is too small when it comes to your care
Major risk factors include long-term hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis (scarred liver), heavy alcohol use, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and exposure to aflatoxins (toxins from mold in some foods)
Liver cancer may cause tiredness, weight loss, pain or swelling in the upper right abdomen, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), and sometimes loss of appetite or nausea. These symptoms can be subtle at first
Liver cancer can be curable if caught early and the rest of the liver is healthy. Surgery or a liver transplant offers the best chance for a cure in early-stage cases. In most cases, treatment focuses on controlling the disease
Doctors may use blood tests, imaging scans (ultrasound, CT, MRI), and sometimes a biopsy to confirm liver cancer. Sometimes, scans alone are enough without a biopsy
Treatment can include surgery, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, embolization, and sometimes a liver transplant—based on stage, liver health, and overall fitness.
Life expectancy depends on the cancer stage, liver health, and treatment received. Early-stage liver cancer offers higher survival—about 30–40% live five years or more. For advanced or stage 4 cancer, survival drops to months or a few years, but some people live longer with effective treatment and supportive care
The last stage, or stage 4 liver cancer, means the cancer has spread to other organs or distant parts of the body. Symptoms include severe tiredness, pain, swelling in the abdomen, jaundice, easy bruising, difficulty thinking, and sometimes fluid buildup or weight loss
Stage 4 liver cancer is not considered curable. However, treatment can help prolong life, slow the disease, and improve comfort. Options may include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms
At Everhope Oncology, appointments for cervical cancer treatment are easy to arrange, with same-day expert consultations available in a calm, private setting. Our Gurgaon centers on Golf Course Extension Road (Sector 65 and Sector 12) offer a full range of therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted treatments, and precision diagnostics, all managed by a team of leading oncologists and supportive care specialists. You can book an appointment directly through the Everhope Oncology website (everhope.care), call the support hotline, or even coordinate via WhatsApp for convenience
Find a Centre Near You
Gurgaon EBD 65
EBD 65, Sector 65, Golf Course Extension Road, Gurgaon