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Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: Risks, Progression, and What Patients Should Do
Dr. Vrundali Kannoth
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Testicular Cancer
What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer is found in one or both testicles and is most common in men aged 15–35 years. While relatively rare, it is extremely curable—if detected early. It often begins in the germ cells that produce sperm.
Testicular Cancer Types
Seminoma
•Slow-growing cancer type widespread in men aged 30s-40s years. It is a cancer type that tends to remain localized for a long duration and is highly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.
Non-Seminoma
•Grows quicker than seminomas and more often in young adults. Subgroups of this category include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma, and these may need treatment combined.
Spermatocytic Tumor
•A very rare variety that usually affects older adults and develops at a slower rate. Less likely to spread and generally requires surgery only as treatment.
Secondary Testicular Cancer
•This is when cancer somewhere else in the body has spread to the testicles, which is extremely rare. It may be a sign of advanced disease and is treated as one of the first cancers.
Testicular Cancer Symptoms
- •A new lump or swelling in either testicle, often the earliest and most common sign
What’s Notable
Germ cell tumors are the most common type.
Orchiectomy (removal of the testicle) is often the first-line treatment.
It often presents as a painless lump in the testicle.
When to Seek Help
See a doctor promptly if you notice a lump, swelling, or change in one or both testicles, persistent pain, or a feeling of heaviness—especially if these symptoms last more than two weeks.
Testicular Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Family or Personal History
Having a brother or father with testicular cancer significantly raises your risk, as does a personal history of the disease.
Age (15–35 years)
Most cases occur in young men, making regular self-exams and awareness critical during these years.
HIV Infection
Some studies suggest a higher risk of testicular cancer in HIV-positive men, particularly with immunosuppression.
Body Abnormalities
Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome may slightly increase risk, though they are more associated with other testicular issues.
Testicular Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Early Detection with Clinical & Imaging Tools
Ultrasound, tumor marker testing, and expert assessment to confirm diagnosis swiftly.
Testicular Cancer Treatment & Therapy
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Uses drugs to attack rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Treated for:
Rarely for common skin cancers, reserved for advanced situations.
Side effects:
Nausea, hair loss, infection risk.
Recovery:
Related to course length and drugs used.
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Precisely blocks molecules/signals that cancer cells need to grow.
Treated for:
Advanced melanoma with specific genetic changes.
Side effects:
Skin rash, joint pain, fatigue.
Recovery:
Oral or IV drugs, response checked with scans; side effects managed during long-term use.
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Uses medications to boost the immune system to attack cancer cells throughout the body.
Used for:
Advanced melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma that has spread.
Side effects:
Fatigue, rash, rare immune complications.
Recovery:
Ongoing treatment, regular monitoring.
Management & Prevention
Post-Surgery Healing
•Most men recover from testicle removal (orchiectomy) within two weeks and can return to normal tasks, but should avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for a month.
•Bruising, swelling, and mild pain are common at the wound site; follow care instructions and keep dressings clean for fast healing.
•If lymph node surgery is needed, recovery may take several weeks to a few months, with gradual return to activity
Energy and Nutrition
•Fatigue is normal during recovery; prioritize rest and a balanced diet for optimal healing.
•Regular gentle movements and breathing exercises can help prevent complications and rebuild energy
Testicular Cancer Types
Seminoma
•Slow-growing cancer type widespread in men aged 30s-40s years. It is a cancer type that tends to remain localized for a long duration and is highly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.
Non-Seminoma
•Grows quicker than seminomas and more often in young adults. Subgroups of this category include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma, and these may need treatment combined.
Spermatocytic Tumor
•A very rare variety that usually affects older adults and develops at a slower rate. Less likely to spread and generally requires surgery only as treatment.
Secondary Testicular Cancer
•This is when cancer somewhere else in the body has spread to the testicles, which is extremely rare. It may be a sign of advanced disease and is treated as one of the first cancers.
Testicular Cancer Symptoms
- •A new lump or swelling in either testicle, often the earliest and most common sign
What’s Notable
Germ cell tumors are the most common type.
Orchiectomy (removal of the testicle) is often the first-line treatment.
It often presents as a painless lump in the testicle.
When to Seek Help
See a doctor promptly if you notice a lump, swelling, or change in one or both testicles, persistent pain, or a feeling of heaviness—especially if these symptoms last more than two weeks.
Testicular Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
Family or Personal History
Having a brother or father with testicular cancer significantly raises your risk, as does a personal history of the disease.
Age (15–35 years)
Most cases occur in young men, making regular self-exams and awareness critical during these years.
HIV Infection
Some studies suggest a higher risk of testicular cancer in HIV-positive men, particularly with immunosuppression.
Body Abnormalities
Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome may slightly increase risk, though they are more associated with other testicular issues.
Testicular Cancer Diagnosis
Initial Symptoms & Check-up
Step 1: Early Detection with Clinical & Imaging Tools
Ultrasound, tumor marker testing, and expert assessment to confirm diagnosis swiftly.
Testicular Cancer Treatment & Therapy
Chemotherapy
What it does:
Uses drugs to attack rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Treated for:
Rarely for common skin cancers, reserved for advanced situations.
Side effects:
Nausea, hair loss, infection risk.
Recovery:
Related to course length and drugs used.
Targeted Therapy
What it does :
Precisely blocks molecules/signals that cancer cells need to grow.
Treated for:
Advanced melanoma with specific genetic changes.
Side effects:
Skin rash, joint pain, fatigue.
Recovery:
Oral or IV drugs, response checked with scans; side effects managed during long-term use.
Immunotherapy
What it does:
Uses medications to boost the immune system to attack cancer cells throughout the body.
Used for:
Advanced melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma that has spread.
Side effects:
Fatigue, rash, rare immune complications.
Recovery:
Ongoing treatment, regular monitoring.
Management & Prevention
Post-Surgery Healing
•Most men recover from testicle removal (orchiectomy) within two weeks and can return to normal tasks, but should avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for a month.
•Bruising, swelling, and mild pain are common at the wound site; follow care instructions and keep dressings clean for fast healing.
•If lymph node surgery is needed, recovery may take several weeks to a few months, with gradual return to activity
Energy and Nutrition
•Fatigue is normal during recovery; prioritize rest and a balanced diet for optimal healing.
•Regular gentle movements and breathing exercises can help prevent complications and rebuild energy
Why Choose Everhope Testicular Cancer?
At Everhope, our experts support your proactive care with advanced treatment — guiding you with knowledge, hope, and healing.
~75K
new testicular cancer diagnoses annually
95%
Five-year relative survival rate after diagnosis, showing it’s highly curable
40
Median age at death for testicular cancer in the U.S
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FAQs on Testicular Cancer
No question is too small when it comes to your care
Testicular cancer most often affects men aged 15–44, with the average age at diagnosis being 33 years
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EBD 65, Sector 65, Golf Course Extension Road, Gurgaon